OER Knowledge CloudMiscellaneousAmiel, TelOpen access (OA) promotes the fair and ethical sharing of scientific knowledge as a global public resource, in accordance with the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science (2021). It is intended to make research outputs freely accessible and openly licensed for responsible reuse, recognizing that openness operates within clear ethical, legal and social boundaries. They include those associated with respect for human rights and privacy, intellectual property, Indigenous and local knowledge, security, and bioethical considerations. Consequently, OA promotes transparency, inclusiveness and trust in science, ensuring that knowledge is created and shared for the benefit of all, and that it is guided by ethical principles and the values of cooperation and equity affirmed in the United Nations Pact for the Future and the Global Digital Compact.2026EnglishUNESCO9Francehttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000397811open accessOAresearchopen licenseUNITWINhttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000397811Amiel-2026.pdfFrance, Europe