OER Knowledge CloudReport20172017/09van der Ende, MartinPoort, JoostRobert Haffnerde Bas, PatrickYagafarova, AnastasiaRohlfs, Sophievan Til, HarryDirectorate-General for the Internal Market and Services (European Commission)European UnionEU Member Stateelectronic commercedownloadingdigital technologycopyrightcomputer piracyEuropean Commission1-306978-92-79-35136-5The extent to which digital consumption of pirated materials displaces legitimate purchases is of fundamental importance for EU copyright policy design. The European Commission has commissioned Ecorys to carry out a study on the relation between online copyright infringement (digital piracy) and sales of copyrighted content. This study adds to the existing literature in at least three ways. Firstly, it compares piracy rates in multiple EU Member States calculated according to the same methodology. This makes it possible to compare results between countries. Secondly, displacement rates are estimated in the presence of an important recent phenomenon, i.e. the widespread availability of a wide variety of services for downloading or streaming content. Thirdly, the study includes minors to assess the extent of piracy among this group.does not apply10.2780/26736https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/59ea4ec1-a19b-11e7-b92d-01aa75ed71a1/language-enhttps://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/59ea4ec1-a19b-11e7-b92d-01aa75ed71a1/language-endisplacement_study.pdf