@inbook {
	title = {Massive open online courses: A traditional or transformative approach to learning},
	year = {2014},
	month = {07/2014},
	author = {Vale, Katie and Littlejohn, Allison},
	editor = {Littlejohn, Allison and Pegler, Chris},
	keywords = {open courses, MOOC, HarvardX},
	publisher = {Reusing Open Resources: Learning in Open Networks for Work, Life and Education},
	pages = {138-153},
	issn = {Print ISBN: 9780415838689 eBook ISBN: 9780203780190 Adobe ISBN: 9781135040048},
	abstract = {This chapter examines potential benefits and limitations of MOOCs, using a case example of a major MOOC initiative:edX.  This chapter begins by examining conflicting perspectives around MOOCs from the literature. Then the HarvardX course design workflow model is outlined.  HarvardX is at the center of a variety of activities at Harvard University associated with open educational resources and open courses.  The first five HarvardX MOOCs are described and learner behaviors in these courses are analysed.  Finally, the benefits and limitations of open courses are reported.},
	refereed = {yes},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203780190},
	url = {https://books.google.ca/books?id=q9oABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127&dq=Vale+Littlejohn+Transformative&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1u6S8oOzNAhWJHB4KHcFOCmkQ6AEIHjAA#v=},
}